Boren Scholarships and Fellowships provide funding for students to intensively study a critical language in a country that speaks the language. Summer awards are available for STEM majors.
Sponsored by the US Department of State, CLS is an immersive summer opportunity for college students to learn languages essential to America's engagement with the world.
The Congress-Bundestag Youth Exchange for Young Professionals (CBYX) is a fellowship funded by the German Bundestag and U.S. Department of State, that provides American and German young professionals, between the ages of 18-24, the opportunity to spend one year in each other’s countries, studying, interning, and living with hosts on a cultural immersion program.
http://culturalvistas.org/programs/abroad/congress-bundestag-youth-exchange-young-professionals/
The DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship program (SCGF) has supported outstanding graduate students pursuing graduate training in basic research in areas of physics, biology (non-medical), chemistry, mathematics, engineering, computational and computer sciences, and environmental sciences relevant to the Office of Science mission areas to encourage the development of the next generation of scientific and technical talent in the U.S.
http://science.energy.gov/wdts/scgf/
The German Chancellor Fellowship supports young leaders who work in a sector such as politics, economics, the media, administration, and culture while spending a year working on a project the applicant developed with a host of their choice in Germany.
https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/german-chancellor-fellowship.html
The German Academic Exchange Service provides scholarships and grants for undergraduate and graduate students to study, do research, or intern in Germany. Both German language study and study in a specific discipline are available, with many academic programs being offered in English.
The Whitaker International Fellows and Scholars Program sends young biomedical engineers anywhere outside the U.S. or Canada for one or more of the following activities: conducting academic or scientific research in a university or laboratory, pursuing coursework at an academic institution, or interning at a policy institute, or in an industrial or non-profit setting.